Cities are now the prevailing mode of living, with more than half of the global population residing in urban areas. Reconciling the increasing share of the population in urban living environments with the global goal of achieving healthy cities poses the foremost challenge to public health in the twenty-first century. This module responds to this challenge by exploring three critical points of departure. First, the vast majority of the world’s future urban growth is expected to occur in low- and middle-income countries, particularly those in Asia and Africa. Second, promoting the health of urbanizing populations necessitates a cross-disciplinary approach to public health involving the built environment and health professions. And third, supporting an urban health agenda will require new conceptual, analytical and methodological frameworks tailored to the dynamics of urban change and to the complexities of urban centres primarily, though not exclusively, in the Global South. This module aims to equip students with an in-depth understanding of the key concepts, questions and themes surrounding urban health in a rapidly urbanizing world. In doing so, the module explores the relationship between urban living and health across a number of pressing issues, ranging from urbanization, planning and governance, poverty and inequality, disasters and climate change, transport, violence to sustainability. The module also explores different conceptual and analytical frameworks for understanding and promoting urban health, with a focus on the social determinants of health (SDOH) approach. A comparative perspective is developed through the investigation of city-level case studies, enabling students to explore the urban dimensions of health within and across different contexts. LEARNING OBJECTIVES The module invites participants: To think critically about the challenges and opportunities facing urban health in the twenty-first century, with a specific interest in urbanization trends To explore how changes in the built environment that accompany rapid urban growth impact the health (physical and mental) of different social groups To contemplate the priorities for a joint urban planning and public health agenda in the Global South, with a focus on Asia, Africa, Latin America and the Caribbean On completion of the module, participants will have knowledge of: The interface between specific urban elements (such as infrastructure and governance) and their effect on the health of individuals and communities in cities. The relationship between urbanization and health, and the centrality of governance in mediating this relationship. The different conceptual and analytical frameworks for understanding and promoting urban health, with a focus on the SDOH approach.